2017下半年CATTI口译二级真题解析（一）

第dì一yī篇piān：有yǒu关guān匹pǐ兹zī堡bǎo经jīng济jì转zhuǎn型xíng对duì中zhōng国guó经jīng济jì的de借jiè鉴jiàn用yòng途tú。这zhè一yī段落luò源yuán于yú伯bó南nán克的de一yī篇piān文wén章zhāng，有yǒu肯kěn定修xiū改gǎi，总zǒng体tǐ风格gé比bǐ较jiào平píng实shí，陌生shēng经jīng济jì术shù语yǔ不bù多duō，只不bù过guò某些xiē句jù式shì有yǒu的de拗口kǒu，译yì不bù好hǎo会huì听tīng起qǐ来lái比bǐ较jiào别bié扭niǔ。

Para 1

The slowing of China’s economic growth has many causes. In my view, it is a healthy development, resulting from a necessary change in China's growth model. Since the beginning of China's growth miracle, a large part of the country's development has been directed from the center. This "TOP-down" approach has focused on heavy industry, infrastructure, and the promotion of exports. This growth model had its roots in central planning. but China also encourages its market liberalization and openness to international competition, thus making important gains in productivity and technological upgrading. This strategy has been incredibly successful. the Chinese economy is two-and-a-half times bigger today than a decade ago

参cān考kǎo答dá案àn：中zhōng国guó经jīng济jì进jìn步bù的de放fàng缓，有yǒu不bù少shǎo是shì什shén么me原yuán因yīn，在zài我wǒ看kàn来lái，这zhè种zhǒng进jìn步bù是shì健jiàn康kāng的de，是shì由yóu中zhōng国guó进jìn步bù模mó式shì所suǒ进jìn行xíng的de必bì要yào调整zhěng导dǎo致的de。这zhè个gè国guó家jiā进jìn步bù的de奇qí迹的de刚开kāi始时shí刻kè，其qí进jìn步bù主zhǔ要yào源yuán于yú中zhōng央yāng政zhèng府fǔ的de指zhǐ令。这zhè种zhǒng自zì上shàng而ér下xià的de进jìn步bù方fāng法fǎ主zhǔ要yào集jí中zhōng于yú重zhòng工gōng业yè、基jī础chǔ设shè施shī与yǔ推进jìn出chū口kǒu。这zhè种zhǒng进jìn步bù方fāng法fǎ植zhí根gēn于yú中zhōng央yāng集jí权quán式shì的de计jì划经jīng济jì，但dàn中zhōng国guó同tóng时shí也yě鼓励lì市shì场chǎng自zì由yóu化huà并bìng向xiàng国guó际jì角逐开kāi放fàng。在zài生shēng产chǎn力lì与yǔ技jì术shù改gǎi造zào方fāng面miàn获huò得dé了le非fēi常cháng大dà的de进jìn展zhǎn。这zhè一yī策略lüè很hěn成chéng功，现xiàn在zài中zhōng国guó的de经jīng济jì体tǐ量liàng已经jīng是shì十shí年前的de两liǎng倍bèi半bàn。

the Chinese economy is two-and-a-half times bigger today than a decade ago。本běn句jù加jiā一yī个gè名míng词cí体tǐ量liàng，就jiù看kàn上shàng去qù比bǐ较jiào平píng稳。而ér相xiāng反fǎn，汉英yīng翻fān译yì时shí，体tǐ量liàng一yī词cí就jiù完全quán可kě以yǐ省shěng去qù。

important gains in productivity and technological upgrading.这zhè句jù话huà出chū现xiàn了le抽象xiàng接jiē抽象xiàng的de状zhuàng况kuàng，处chù置zhì时shí要yào想xiǎng了le解jiě三sān个gè抽象xiàng名míng词cí之zhī间jiān的de关guān系xì。

Para 2

However, the TOP-down strategy has its limits. The share of output going into manufacturing, infrastructure, and exports is too large to be sustained. And there is an overemphasis on capital investment and exports rather than on consumption. Recognizing these limits, China is working to make the transition to a "bottom-up" growth model, focused on the development of services industries, that is, retail trade, health, education, finance, and transportation. Services currently make up about half of the Chinese economy, compared to about four-fifths of the economy of the United States. That productivity in services generally does not grow as quickly as in manufacturing, this transition will involve slower economic growth.

参cān考kǎo答dá案àn：但dàn这zhè种zhǒng由yóu上shàng而ér下xià的de方fāng案àn存cún在zài局jú限xiàn性xìng。国guó民收入rù进jìn入rù基jī础chǔ建jiàn设shè和hé出chū口kǒu范fàn围wéi比bǐ率lǜ过guò大dà，因yīn此cǐ不bù可kě持续xù。同tóng时shí过guò度dù强qiáng调资本běn投资和hé出chū口kǒu而ér忽略lüè了le消费fèi。中zhōng国guó政zhèng府fǔ意yì识shí到dào了le这zhè种zhǒng局jú限xiàn性xìng。正zhèng在zài努nǔ力lì进jìn行xíng转zhuǎn型xíng，变biàn为wèi一yī种zhǒng自zì下xià而ér上shàng的de进jìn步bù模mó式shì。主zhǔ要yào强qiáng调进jìn步bù服fú务wù业yè也yě就jiù是shì进jìn步bù零líng售shòu业yè、健jiàn康kāng产chǎn业yè、教jiào育yù、金jīn融róng和hé交通tōng业yè的de进jìn步bù。现xiàn在zài服fú务wù业yè占zhàn据jù中zhōng国guó经jīng济jì的de大dà约一yī半bàn，而ér美měi国guó的de服fú务wù业yè占zhàn据jù经jīng济jì的de五分fēn之zhī四sì。一yī般情况kuàng下xià，生shēng产chǎn服fú务wù业yè的de生shēng产chǎn力lì进jìn步bù速度dù不bù如rú制zhì造zào业yè进jìn步bù得dé快，这zhè种zhǒng转zhuǎn型xíng会huì减jiǎn慢màn经jīng济jì增zēng长zhǎng速度dù

exports is too large to be sustained.这zhè是shì很hěn著zhe名míng的de太tài……而ér不bù可kě以yǐ句jù，直zhí译yì听tīng起qǐ来lái翻fān译yì腔qiāng十shí足，事shì实shí上shàng并bìng没méi什shén么me用yòng，不bù如rú直zhí接jiē去qù掉diào。

And there is an overemphasis on capital investment and exports rather than on consumption.这zhè一yīthere be加jiārather的de使shǐ用yòng方fāng法fǎ，会huì让ràng译yì者一yī瞬shùn间jiān产chǎn生shēng很hěn别bié扭niǔ的de译yì文wén，事shì实shí上shàng还hái是shì词cí性xìng转zhuǎn换huàn接jiē断duàn句jù和hé增zēng词cí，如rú此cǐ就jiù能néng产chǎn生shēng顺shùn畅的de译yì文wén。

Services currently make up about half of the Chinese economy, compared to about four-fifths of the economy of the United States.这zhè句jù话huà里lǐ的de重zhòng点diǎn就jiù在zàicompare一yī词cí可kě以yǐ合hé理lǐ省shěng略lüè，比bǐ较jiào结jié构gòu处chù置zhì的de第dì一yī选xuǎn择应yīng该是shì怎zěn么me样yàng不bù译yì，而ér不bù是shì怎zěn么me样yàng再zài现xiàn结jié构gòu，相xiāng反fǎn，汉英yīng当dāng中zhōng，假jiǎ如rú能néng“无wú中zhōng生shēng有yǒu”地dì出chū一yī个gècompared译yì品pǐn的de水shuǐ平píng就jiù非fēi常cháng高gāo。

Para 3

The experience of some of American’s old industrial cities like Pittsburg offers useful lessons to China as it goes through this crucial economic transition. The economy of Pittsburg was built on heavy industry, a model that eventually reached its limits. And heavy industry took a heavy toll on its environment. Pittsburg and other American industrial cities that succeeded in reviving their economies did so primarily by turning from manufacturing to services.in these cities, the government and private sectors worked together to revitalize downtowns, to develop tourist attractions and conference facilities, clean up the environment, and improve transportation links and other critical infrastructure. They then attracted businesses in “clean” sectors like medicine, technology, finance, and retail.

参cān考kǎo答dá案àn：美měi国guó一yī些xiē老lǎo工gōng业yè城chéng市shì譬pì如rú匹pǐ兹zī堡bǎo，历lì程chéng了le要yào紧的de经jīng济jì转zhuǎn型xíng。他tā们men的de进jìn步bù经jīng验yàn可kě以yǐ为wèi中zhōng国guó提tí出chū有yǒu用yòng的de借jiè鉴jiàn。匹pǐ兹zī堡bǎo的de经jīng济jì打dǎ造zào在zài重zhòng工gōng业yè的de基jī础chǔ上shàng，而ér这zhè一yī进jìn步bù模mó式shì最后hòu遇见了le瓶píng颈。重zhòng工gōng业yè在zài环huán保bǎo方fāng面miàn付出chū了le巨jù大dà的de代dài价。匹pǐ兹zī堡bǎo及jí一yī些xiē美měi国guó其qí他tā的de工gōng业yè城chéng市shì，成chéng功的de重zhòng振zhèn了le他tā们men的de经jīng济jì，主zhǔ要yào靠kào得dé是shì由yóu制zhì造zào业yè向xiàng服fú务wù业yè转zhuǎn型xíng。这zhè类lèi城chéng市shì的de政zhèng府fǔ和hé私sī人rén机jī构gòu一yī同tóng合hé作zuò，重zhòng新xīn振zhèn兴xìng了le市shì中zhōng心xīn区qū域yù，进jìn步bù，旅游景点diǎn与yǔ会huì展zhǎn业yè，清qīng洗xǐ了le环huán境jìng，提tí高gāo交通tōng条件jiàn与yǔ其qí他tā的de基jī础chǔ服fú务wù设shè施shī。因yīn此cǐ它tā们men吸xī引yǐn来lái了le一yī些xiē较jiào为wèi清qīng洗xǐ的de产chǎn业yè，譬pì如rú医yī药yào、技jì术shù、金jīn融róng和hé零líng售shòu业yè。

The experience of some of American’s old industrial cities like Pittsburg offers useful lessons to China as it goes through this crucial economic transition.这zhè个gè句jù子zi的de难nán题在zài处chù置zhìexperience一yī词cí，在zài听tīng的de过guò程chéng中zhōng要yào能néng记jì住zhù，而ér且qiě要yào做到dào“引yǐn而ér不bù发”，先翻fān译yì后hòu面miàn的de事shì实shí，然rán后hòu再zài说shuō经jīng验yàn，考kǎo验yàn的de是shì译yì者在zài长zhǎng结jié构gòu中zhōng调整zhěng句jù式shì的de能néng力lì。

did so primarily by turning from manufacturing to services.制zhì造zào业yè向xiàng服fú务wù业yè转zhuǎn型xíng。非fēi常cháng自zì然rán地dì加jiā上shàng一yī个gè“业yè”字zì，整zhěng个gè句jù子zi就jiù顺shùn了le，英yīng文wén翻fān译yì中zhōng文wén当dāng中zhōng用yòng范fàn畴词cí的de方fāng法fǎ能néng够gòu帮助表biǎo达dá自zì然rán而ér符fú合hé习xí惯guàn。

They then attracted businesses in “clean” sectors，对duìsector一yī词cí泛fàn译yì为wèi产chǎn业yè，事shì实shí上shàng应yīng该是shì“产chǎn业yè部bù门”，但dàn在zài汉语yǔ表biǎo达dá上shàng好hǎo像xiàng不bù同tóng不bù大dà，若ruò是shì中zhōng文wén翻fān译yì英yīng文wén，非fēi常cháng可kě能néng需xū要yào在zài校对duì时shí进jìn行xíng调整zhěng。

Para 4

Strengthening education was the key. It has the benefits like attracting and maintaining skilled workforces and setting up high tech companies. Pittsburgh’s redevelopment was greatly helped by hosting several major universities. Particularly the universities of Pittsburg which led efforts to build research facilities where old factories had once stood.The symbol of Pittsburgh’s transformation is that the form of U.S. Steel building at the downtown in Pittsburg, the headquarters of a steel company.it is now the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, which is the largest employer in the whole region. How can China make a transition to a more services-oriented economy like Pittsburg has done? Reducing the subsidies to exports and heavy industry, while continuing reforms to make it easier to start new businesses, is critical steps. China can also enter into partnerships with foreign companies that can bring essential expertise in various fields.

参cān考kǎo答dá案àn：加jiā大dà教jiào育yù进jìn步bù是shì重zhòng中zhōng之zhī重zhòng，教jiào育yù可kě以yǐ带dài来lái各gè种zhǒng好hǎo处chù，包bāo含hán吸xī引yǐn并bìng留liú住zhù一yī些xiē熟shú练工gōng人rén并bìng打dǎ造zào起qǐ高gāo技jì术shù产chǎn业yè。匹pǐ兹zī堡bǎo的de重zhòng新xīn进jìn步bù得dé益yì于yú其qí是shì几jǐ所suǒ大dà学xué的de所suǒ在zài地dì。特别bié是shì匹pǐ兹zī堡bǎo下xià大dà力lì量liàng，在zài原yuán先厂房fáng的de旧jiù址上shàng打dǎ造zào起qǐ了le大dà学xué的de研究jiū机jī构gòu。这zhè一yī转zhuǎn变biàn的de标biāo志zhì就jiù是shì在zài城chéng市shì的de中zhōng心xīn美měi国guó钢gāng铁大dà厦shà，即jí一yī家jiā钢gāng铁企业yè的de总zǒng部bù所suǒ在zài地dì，目mù前已经jīng成chéng为wèi匹pǐ兹zī堡bǎo医yī学xué中zhōng心xīn，成chéng为wèi城chéng市shì当dāng中zhōng用yòng工gōng最多duō的de机jī构gòu。中zhōng国guó怎zěn么me样yàng才能néng像xiàng匹pǐ兹zī堡bǎo一yī样yàng进jìn行xíng这zhè一yī服fú务wù业yè转zhuǎn型xíng？重zhòng点diǎn步bù骤zhòu是shì降低dī重zhòng工gōng业yè和hé出chū口kǒu补bǔ贴，同tóng时shí深shēn入rù改gǎi革，让ràng创立lì新xīn公gōng司sī变biàn得dé愈加jiā容róng易。中zhōng国guó也yě可kě以yǐ通tōng过guò与yǔ外wài国guó公gōng司sī打dǎ造zào伙伴bàn关guān系xì，在zài不bù同tóng范fàn围wéi内nèi引yǐn进jìn专zhuān家jiā人rén才。

Pittsburgh’s redevelopment was greatly helped by hosting several major universities.这zhè个gè句jù子zi里lǐ两liǎng个gè动dòng词cíhelp和héhost，在zài汉语yǔ当dāng中zhōng主zhǔ语yǔ都dōu要yào是shì人rén而ér非fēi物wù，因yīn此cǐ在zài翻fān译yì时shí要yào有yǒu意yì识shí地dì调整zhěng，不bù然rán译yì文wén会huì感gǎn觉很hěn生shēng硬yìng。从cóng中zhōng也yě能néng看kàn出chū英yīng汉在zài动dòng词cí用yòng方fāng面miàn的de差chà异yì，及jí物wù，动dòng词cí的de范fàn围wéi，主zhǔ语yǔ的de状zhuàng况kuàng，都dōu要yào考kǎo虑lǜ才能néng译yì文wén流liú利lì。

Reducing the subsidies to exports and heavy industry, while continuing reforms to make it easier to start new businesses, is critical steps.这zhè种zhǒng掉diào尾wěi句jù对duì听tīng力lì需xū要yào较jiào高gāo，系xì动dòng词cí离lí主zhǔ语yǔ部bù分fēn比bǐ较jiào远，容róng易出chū现xiàn判断duàn失shī误，没méi办bàn法fǎ完全quán理lǐ解jiě，需xū要yào在zài平píng时shí练习xí中zhōng不bù断duàn自zì行xíng训xùn练。一yī个gè句jù子zi可kě以yǐ同tóng时shí说shuō成chéng松sōng散sàn和hé掉diào尾wěi两liǎng种zhǒng结jié构gòu，说shuō上shàng几jǐ十shí个gè句jù子zi，自zì己也yě就jiù习xí惯guàn了le。

Para 5

Reviving old American industrial cities like Pittsburg offers a useful lesson to China. which is the building a strong middle class: Middle-class households are the primary market for a wide range of services, from education to health care to retail to entertainment. For American cities like Pittsburg, attracting middle-class consumers involved improving public infrastructure and education, reducing crime, and increasing job opportunities. In the case of China, to build the strong middle class, it needs to strengthen the social safety net, as this will give households the income security so that they can save less and spend more。 it also needs to reduce excessive government regulations and provides more consumer choices. A strong Chinese middle class will stimulate the development of new services industries and give the “bottom-up” approach a chance to succeed.

参cān考kǎo答dá案àn：像xiàng匹pǐ兹zī堡bǎo如rú此cǐ的de美měi国guó老lǎo工gōng业yè城chéng市shì的de振zhèn兴xìng对duì中zhōng国guó是shì有yǒu用yòng的de一yī课就jiù是shì要yào打dǎ造zào强qiáng大dà的de中zhōng产chǎn阶jiē层céng。中zhōng产chǎn阶jiē级jí家jiā庭tíng是shì一yī系xì列liè服fú务wù的de主zhǔ要yào市shì场chǎng，包bāo含hán教jiào育yù、健jiàn康kāng保bǎo健jiàn、零líng售shòu与yǔ娱乐业yè。美měi国guó像xiàng匹pǐ兹zī堡bǎo如rú此cǐ的de城chéng市shì，想xiǎng要yào吸xī引yǐn中zhōng产chǎn阶jiē级jí买mǎi家jiā，就jiù需xū要yào提tí高gāo公gōng共gòng基jī础chǔ设shè施shī和hé教jiào育yù水shuǐ平píng，减jiǎn少shǎo罪犯fàn率lǜ与yǔ增zēng加jiā就jiù业yè机jī会huì。谈tán到dào中zhōng国guó，要yào想xiǎng打dǎ造zào强qiáng大dà的de中zhōng产chǎn阶jiē级jí，就jiù需xū要yào加jiā大dà社shè保bǎo安ān全quán网wǎng，让ràng每měi一yī个gè家jiā庭tíng对duì我wǒ们men的de收入rù感gǎn觉放fàng心xīn，如rú此cǐ他tā们men就jiù会huì少shǎo存cún款kuǎn，多duō烧shāo钱qián。同tóng时shí还hái要yào降低dī政zhèng府fǔ的de过guò度dù干gàn涉，为wèi买mǎi家jiā提tí供gōng更多duō的de选xuǎn择。一yī个gè坚jiān强qiáng的de中zhōng国guó中zhōng产chǎn阶jiē级jí阶jiē层céng将刺cì激jī新xīn型xíng服fú务wù业yè进jìn步bù，令这zhè种zhǒng自zì下xià而ér上shàng的de方fāng法fǎ大dà概gài获huò得dé成chéng功。

For American cities like Pittsburg, attracting middle-class consumers involved improving public infrastructure and education, reducing crime, and increasing job opportunities.这zhè个gè句jù子zi的de中zhōng心xīn动dòng词cí为wèiinvolve但dàn只须xū这zhè个gè词cí一yī出chū现xiàn，译yì文wén就jiù会huì变biàn得dé笨bèn重zhòng不bù堪kān，由yóu于yú后hòu面miàn的de宾bīn语yǔ长zhǎng得dé停不bù下xià来lái，参cān考kǎo译yì文wén处chù置zhì成chéng一yī个gè带dài倘若ruò的de主zhǔ从cóng复fù合hé句jù，就jiù变biàn得dé轻qīng松sōng了le很hěn多duō。

give households the income security英yīng语yǔ中zhōng可kě以yǐ直zhí接jiē用yòng名míng词cí修xiū辞cí另lìng一yī个gè抽象xiàng名míng词cí，而ér这zhè种zhǒng说shuō法fǎ在zài汉语yǔ当dāng中zhōng并bìng不bù了le解jiě，总zǒng是shì要yào通tōng过guò拆分fēn和hé讲解jiě的de办bàn法fǎ进jìn行xíng处chù置zhì，望文wén生shēng义yì的de译yì法fǎ是shì行xíng不bù通tōng的de。

give the “bottom-up” approach a chance to succeed.直zhí译yì为wèi试shì试shì看kàn看kàn，但dàn在zài这zhè个gè上shàng下xià文wén中zhōng不bù必bì多duō加jiā一yī个gè主zhǔ语yǔ，就jiù译yì成chéng了le大dà概gài，这zhè就jiù是shì所suǒ谓wèi译yì文wén的de灵líng活huó不bù拘jū一yī格gé。